Ace posted:Steel sleepers (crossties) have been used on the isolated Normanton-Croydon railway in Queensland Australia since 1888. This line is still in service for tourism using vintage railmotors. It has always had relatively light traffic. Photo from internet:
http://mobilemarshies.blogspot.com/2012/06/normanton-19-24-june.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulflander
The line was constructed in an unusual manner, with hollow steel sleepers packed with mud to avoid the need for track ballast.[2] This method of construction also meant that the line was not subject to damage during frequent flooding during the wet season,[1] with most of these original sleepers still in place.
Just like my American Flyer!