@geepboy posted:OK, I'll bite. What are TVS diodes and why do I need them?
A TVS Diode (Transient Voltage Suppression) sacrifices itself when a there's a voltage spike.
A $0.64 investment to save those $6400 worth of trains in the event you have some kind of voltage surge. They short when there's an overvoltage above it's rating, and then you replace the shorted TVS Diode with a new one.
If you use a transformer - you'd ideally attach it between the 2 posts, or if you have a terminal brick, somewhere along there, etc. Then you ignore it until it fulfills it's duty.
Here's what mine looks like (Probably not the best way to do it... but it works)
Example TVS Part #: 1-5KE36CA (Digikey Part #- 1.5KE36CALFTR-ND). These are the ones typically used in O scale (due to voltages being 17-21v, allows some overhead before clamping)