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Reply to "Lionel FT sound performance?"

If I’m reading those graphs right it looks like the output of the Z1000 is more like PWM... in other words it appears that it pulses 18v, but varies the “on time” to control speed.

While I suppose you could draw some parallels to PWM, they're really just mangled sawtooth waveforms, the Z-1000 controller is a simple triac controller, no fancy PWM in sight.   Let's take a closer look.

 

As you can see, the first waveform starts earlier in the 60hz cycle and thus has a greater part of the sinewave.  The second waveform is a lower throttle setting, and it's just chopped off the left side of the waveform, the right side is exactly the same distorted shape as the trailing part of the left waveform.

PWM signals are typically controlled duration pulses.

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