For better or for worse, modern society is supported by petrochemicals, and not only for transportation. I read a Scientific American article sometime back that estimated that the world is only capable of supplying enough food for about two thirds of the current population--petroleum-based fertilizers are used to increase crop yields to make up the difference. Additionally, even if the industrialized world is able to make a meaningful move away from petroleum, the developing world would still use it since everything is ultimately driven by economics. As soon as oil prices go down, "green" power magically becomes a secondary consideration for most.
The long-term solution appears to be fusion-based nuclear power (safer than fission) and high energy density batteries. As we deplete worldwide petroleum reserves, both of these will become much more economically viable.