They are there to protect electronics from spikes, that is true. However, the closer they are to the item to be protected, the better the protection will be. That's simply because the inductance of the intervening wire/rail/circuitry between the TVS and protected electronics will allow larger amplitude spikes to reach the electronics. Remember, all the spikes don't originate from the transformer or power feed. Any coil with a collapsing field can generate a voltage spike, a crossing gate, another engine on the tracks, etc.
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