The Transient Voltage Supressor [TVS] protects against "Voltage Spikes" emerging from the transformer that can damage fragile electronics in Locomotive circuit boards.
Circuit breakers protect the transformer itself from overcurrent surges and do not trip from Voltage Spikes thus the need for TVS. Both are necessary for good protection and are relative inexpensive. A TVS is only 40-50 cents and is easy to wire across the line. A breaker or fuses are wired inline. A TVS shown below which was connected between the A and U posts on a pw ZW. Connected across the line like short but doesn't . At Mouser Electronics it is part #625-1.SKE36Ca. Order a dozen.