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You can ohm out the field coil and the commutator poles to check for opens, shorts, and proper resistance values.

There are many different types Lionel armatures differing in wire gauge, length, turns, and a healthy resistance measuring between roughly 1 and 3.0 ohms.

Set your multimeter to ohms and then test each combination of the 3 commutator faces. The reading should be essentially the same (and somewhere between 1.0 and 3.0 ohms).

In other words, the measurements of A to B, A to C and B to C should all be about the same and within spec.

Then test A to Shaft, B to Shaft, and C to Shaft. All of those should be essentially infinite Ohms (no continuity).

This procedure can be used on most any Lionel armature, however, the specific expected ohm reading varies from model to model.

You can also wire the motor to an AC transformer for testing like this:

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